Called
by one early author "the greenest place in New Jersey," Warren Township stretches
from the crest of the First Watchung Mountain across Washington Valley to
the Second Mountain and beyond, ending at the Dead and Passaic Rivers. Now
encompassing an area of 19.3 square miles, Warren was half again as large
before 1872, the year the communities now known as North Plainfield, Green
Brook and Watchung were carved from its land mass.
The Watchung Mountains, whose natural beauty characterizes the township,
came into being 125 million years ago when volcanic eruptions to the west
covered the area with two thick lava flows that later were tilted upwards
20 degrees. Then, gradually, imperceptibly, during the millions of years
that followed this massive shifting of the earth, water eroded away the land,
exposing the jutting edges of the buried lava. These exposed basaltic edges,
now much weathered, are the First and Second Mountains; between them lies
a broad, fertile valley through which flows the Middle Brook.
The Lenape Indians roamed these parts for thousands of years before the Europeans
came, but they left little history; a few arrowheads and grinding stones
have been found along the Passaic River; Dock Watch Hollow is the only locale
that bears an Indian name.
English and Scots-Irish from Turkey (now New Providence) and Scotch Plains
first settled the township in the 1720s. Farmers from New Providence Followed
the Passaic River into what is now Union Village and Smalleytown. To the
south, pioneers from the lowlands moved through Lincoln Gap (Somerset Street,
Watchung) and into Washington Valley. Philip Cox may have arrived here as
early as 1727, the year he bought 200 acres "betwixt the first and second
mountain called the Blue Hills." Until 1743, when the Borders of Somerset
County shifted northward, Warren was part of Elizabeth Borough in Essex
County.
By the time of the American Revolution, fewer than a hundred families lived
in what would become Warren, eking out a living from the stone-scattered
fields. There were saw and grain mills on Coryís Brook, in Dock Watch
Hollow, and elsewhere. A Baptist Church on Old Church Road and a schoolhouse
on Mount Bethel Road were the centers of community life. Twenty or so men
from Warren served in the state militia. One of them, David Smalley, rose
to the rank of captain.
Not until
1806 was Warren Township created from portions of Bridgewater and Bernards.
Named in honor of
Joseph Warren, hero of the Battle of Bunker Hill, Warren grew slowly. In
the 1830s Germans settled in the Washington Valley, soon followed by French
and Swiss and later by Italians, all of whom turned their industrious hands
to whatever work there was to do. The Civil War divided the township sharply.
Fifty or so men joined the northern ranks, many of them draftees, while at
home County Freeholder Daniel Cory was jailed by the federal government for
disloyalty.
Throughout the late nineteenth century and into the early twentieth, the
principal industries were livestock, fruit and grain raising, dairy farming,
and logging.
Land values were low and the population static. Indeed, the population actually
declined from 1,097 in 1875 to 1,083 in 1920. By 1933, when Warren finally
sold its one-room schoolhouses after Central School opened, the population
only reached 1,500.
World War II had an enormous impact on the community. Almost all able bodied
young men (and some women, too) served in the armed forces. The post-war
demand for housing spurred a flurry of new construction - the number of homes
increased 45 percent during the years 1946-48. New schools and paved roads
inevitably followed, encouraging even more construction.
A second building boom in the 1960s drove the population to 8,592 by 1970.
A shopping center, the town hall, and a cluster of commercial buildings made
Warrenville the new "downtown." To many old timers, it seemed that the township
had been transformed beyond recognition. But when Route 78 finally opened
to its full length in 1986, still another wave of building crested over the
remaining farmland. In 1992 alone, the town approved nearly one thousand
new homes. A luxury hotel that opened in 1989 and AT&Tís
multimillion-dollar complex on King George Road (finished 1996) completed
the transformation. Population now exceeds 12,000. As late as 1982 there
were still 150 working farms on the township. Now most of them are but a
memory, the victims of progress.
Almost from the beginning, Warren was a scattering of small villages, often
mere crossroads. Centered about a church or school, even in their heyday
these villages boasted only a post office and general store, perhaps a blacksmith
shop and a few houses. Their names - Mount Horeb, Coontown, Mount Bethel,
Union Village, Smalleytown, Warrenville and Springdale - evoke pleasant memories
still. While enough of the old-time Warren remains to hint at what once was,
much has been lost during the last forty years. The photographs we present
here preserve the past, offering a visual history that will stir the memories
of longtime residents and encourage a sense of pride in those new to Warren
Township
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